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enzyme

How exactly does a pinhole camera measure radiance? Are we operating under the assumption that the pinhole is small enough that it only lets one ray of light through it for each direction? (So every point on the resulting pinhole image would be measuring the amount of light emitted by a single point from the scene.)

Bananya

@enzyme I think your understanding is correct, if the hole is larger and multiple rays can get through at the same time, then there may be multiple rays from different direction mix up together at the same point. But I am not quite sure please correct me if I am getting it wrong.

graphic_content

I am not entirely sure either. In some cases, even microlenses are used to replace the pinholes as they allow more light to penetrate. I am guessing the assumption here is that neighboring rays can be assumed to have similar information so it is okay if we merge them. If this assumption is correct, a pinhole may still do a good job, as long as it is reasonable small.